Where you can find more information

Summary: Extensive research has demonstrated the efficacy of the LCD to improve the most robust CVD risk factors, such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Our review of the literature indicates that statin therapy for both primary and secondary prevention of CVD is not warranted for individuals on an LCD with elevated LDL-C who have achieved a low triglyceride/HDL ratio.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35938780/

Summary: evidence-based dietary recommendations for FH

Dietary recommendations for CHD prevention in FH individuals for the past eight decades have focused on targeting serum cholesterol reduction with a low saturated fat, low cholesterol diet. However, these recommendations are based largely on the antiquated and evidence-free diet-heart hypothesis. We have proposed that a revision of dietary recommendations for FH is justified, based on substantial evidence that the subset of FH individuals that develops CHD exhibits risk factors, such as enhanced thrombotic risk and a heightened sensitivity to risk factors associated with an insulin-resistant phenotype (elevated TGs, blood glucose, HbA1C, abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, hsCRP, low HDL, hypertension).

Our assessment of the literature is consistent with the conclusions of Gjuladin-Hellon et al,55 in their systematic review and meta-analysis on LCD and CHD risk: ‘Large RCTs of at least 6 months duration with carbohydrate restriction appear superior in improving lipid markers when compared with LFDs. … Dietary guidelines should consider carbohydrate restriction as an alternative dietary strategy for the prevention/management of dyslipidaemia for populations with cardiometabolic risk.’ Therefore, the evidence basis is sufficiently strong to provide the rationale for clinical trials to be conducted to determine if an LCD would prove to be effective in reducing the incidence of coronary events in FH individuals with an insulin-resistant phenotype or increased thrombotic risk.

https://ebm.bmj.com/content/26/6/295

Summary: The present review integrates a historical perspective on the LCD with a critical assessment of the persistent concerns that consumption of saturated fat, in the context of an LCD, will increase risk for CVD.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32773573/

Conclusions

A wide range of different studies have shown that high LDL-C is not the main cause of premature CVD among people with FH nor in the general population. There is much evidence that it is only a few people with FH who die prematurely and that the cause in most cases is due to various coagulopathies which they have inherited as well.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/16/9146

Conclusions

This MR study demonstrated no significant causal relationships between red/processed meat intake and the risk of the four CVD outcomes examined. Further investigation is warranted to confirm these findings.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240545772400038X

Summary:

Contrary to previous advice, five new systematic reviews suggest that most people can continue to eat red and processed meat as they do now. The major studies have found cutting back has little impact on health.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/09/190930215122.htm

Results: Worldwide, bivariate correlation analyses revealed that meat intake is positively correlated with life expectancies. This relationship remained significant when influences of caloric intake, urbanization, obesity, education and carbohydrate crops were statistically controlled. Stepwise linear regression selected meat intake, not carbohydrate crops, as one of the significant predictors of life expectancy. In contrast, carbohydrate crops showed weak and negative correlation with life expectancy.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35228814/

By: Jama Network

Results: During 18 years of follow-up, there were 801 incident cases of diverticulitis and 383 incident cases of diverticular bleeding. We found inverse associations between nut and popcorn consumption and the risk of diverticulitis. The multivariate hazard ratios for men with the highest intake of each food (at least twice per week) compared with men with the lowest intake (less than once per month) were 0.80 (95% confidence interval, 0.63-1.01; P for trend = .04) for nuts and 0.72 (95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.92; P for trend = .007) for popcorn. No associations were seen between corn consumption and diverticulitis or between nut, corn, or popcorn consumption and diverticular bleeding or uncomplicated diverticulosis.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1028647

Abstract

There are many strongly held beliefs about constipation that are not evidence based. The purpose of this review is to address these beliefs concerning various aspects of constipation. There is no evidence to support the theory that diseases may arise via "autointoxication," whereby poisonous substances from stools within the colon are absorbed. Dolichocolon, defined as an elongated colon, should not be seen as a cause of constipation .....

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15654804/

Background

The consumption of dietary protein is important for resistance-trained individuals. It has been posited that intakes of 1.4 to 2.0 g/kg/day are needed for physically active individuals. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a very high protein diet (4.4 g/kg/d) on body composition in resistance-trained men and women.

https://bit.ly/3Jdj7Tm

Overview

Neural systems that evolved to motivate and reinforce foraging and food intake also underlie drug seeking and self-administration. The fact that some of these drugs can cause addiction raises the logical possibility that some foods might also cause addiction. Many people claim that they feel compelled to eat sweet foods, similar in some ways to how an alcoholic might feel compelled to drink. Therefore, we developed an animal model to investigate why some people have difficulty moderating their

https://bit.ly/43Qqzxg

Abstract

Objective To determine the effects of diets varying in carbohydrate to fat ratio on total energy expenditure.

Design Randomized trial.

Setting Multicenter collaboration at US two sites, August 2014 to May 2017.

Participants 164 adults aged 18-65 years with a body mass index of 25 or more.

https://www.bmj.com/content/363/bmj.k4583

Background

High protein diet has been known to cause metabolic acidosis, which is manifested by increased urinary excretion of nitrogen and calcium. Bodybuilders habitually consumed excessive dietary protein over the amounts recommended for them to promote muscle mass accretion. This study investigated the metabolic response to high protein consumption in the elite bodybuilders.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1186/1550-2783-8-10

Abstract

This review addresses the role of fat in beef palatability and healthfulness. Particular emphasis is placed on the content of oleic acid in beef, and how this increases with time when cattle are fed a grain-based diet. Oleic acid decreases the melting point of lipids from beef, increasing the perception of juiciness and improving beef flavor. Clinical trials have demonstrated that ground beef containing elevated oleic acid increases, or at the least has no negative effects on the concentration of HDL cholesterol. The amount of fat in published ground beef intervention trials greatly exceeds the amount of fat in equivalent portions of beef from U.S. domestic or Korean Hanwoo cattle. Thus, we conclude 1) Beef cattle should be raised under production conditions that increase the concentration of oleic acid in their edible tissues (i.e., by grain feeding over extended periods of time); and 2) The amount of fat consumed in a typical portion of beef will not increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5018501/

Abstract

We know that animals are harmed in plant production. Unfortunately, though, we know very little about the scale of the problem. This matters for two reasons. First, we can’t decide how many resources to devote to the problem without a better sense of its scope. Second, this information shortage throws a wrench in arguments for veganism, since it’s always possible that a diet that contains animal products is complicit in fewer deaths than a diet that avoids them. In this paper, then, we have two aims: first, we want to collect and analyze all the available information about animal death associated with plant agriculture; second, we try to show just how difficult it’s to come up with a plausible estimate of how many animals are killed by plant agriculture, and not just because of a lack of empirical information. Additionally, we show that there are significant philosophical questions associated with interpreting the available data—questions such that different answers generate dramatically different estimates of the scope of the problem. Finally, we document current trends in plant agriculture that cause little or no collateral harm to animals, trends which suggest that field animal deaths are a historically contingent problem that in future may be reduced or eliminated altogether.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10806-018-9733-8

Objective: There is suggestive data indicating a correlation among dietary protein intake and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nonetheless, the exact associations between dietary protein intake and the incidence of CKD have remained uncertain. We performed the first meta-analysis to explore the correlation among total protein, plant protein, animal protein intake and CKD risk. 

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1408424/full